Bump on Pad (BOP) Bonding Structure in Semiconductor Packaged Device

ABSTRACT

The embodiments described above provide enlarged overlapping surface areas of bonding structures between a package and a bonding substrate. By using elongated bonding structures on either the package and/or the bonding substrate and by orienting such bonding structures, the bonding structures are designed to withstand bonding stress caused by thermal cycling to reduce cold joints.

PRIORITY CLAIM AND CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 15/675,264, filed on Aug. 11, 2017, entitled “Bump on Pad (BOP)Bonding Structure in Semiconductor Packaged Device,” which is acontinuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/934,634, filedon Nov. 6, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,748,188, issued Aug. 29, 2017,entitled “Bump on Pad (BOP) Bonding Structure in Semiconductor PackagedDevice,” which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 13/733,692, filed Jan. 3, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,196,573, issuedNov. 24, 2015, entitled “Bump on Pad (BOP) Bonding Structure,” whichclaims the benefit of U.S. Patent Provisional Application Ser. No.61/677,873, filed on Jul. 31, 2012, entitled “Bump on Pad (BOP) BondingStructure,” which applications are hereby incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND

Semiconductor devices are used in a variety of electronic applications,such as personal computers, cell phones, digital cameras, and otherelectronic equipment. Semiconductor devices are typically fabricated bysequentially depositing insulating or dielectric layers, conductivelayers, and semiconductive layers of materials over a semiconductorsubstrate, and patterning the various material layers using lithographyto form circuit components and elements thereon.

The semiconductor industry continues to improve the integration densityof various electronic components (e.g., transistors, diodes, resistors,capacitors, etc.) by continual reductions in minimum feature size, whichallow more components to be integrated into a given area. These smallerelectronic components also require smaller packages that utilize lessarea or smaller heights than conventional packages, in someapplications.

Thus, new packaging technologies have begun to be developed. Theserelatively new types of packaging technologies for semiconductor devicesface manufacturing challenges.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, and someadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a package structure in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of package and aportion of substrate before they are bonded together, in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 1C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of a substrate,in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2A shows a top view of metal pads with interconnecting metal lines,in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2B shows a top view of metal pads with interconnecting metal lines,in accordance with some other embodiments;

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a package and a substrate prior tobonding, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3B shows a top view of a copper post and a solder resist opening ofFIG. 3A, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of a package and a substrate postbonding, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3D shows a top view of a copper post and a solder resist opening ofFIG. 3C, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a package and a substrate postbonding, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4B shows a top view of a copper post and a solder resist opening ofFIG. 4A, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of a package and a substrate postbonding, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 5B shows a top view of a copper post and a solder resist opening ofFIG. 5A, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 6 shows exemplary elongated copper posts on a package, inaccordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 7A-7F show top views of various arrangement of a copper post of apackage, and a solder resist opening and a metal pad of a substrateprior to bonding, in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIG. 8 shows a top view of a copper post and a metal pad of a package,in accordance with some embodiments.

Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generallyrefer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures aredrawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments andare not necessarily drawn to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The making and using of the embodiments of the present disclosure arediscussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that thepresent disclosure provides many applicable inventive concepts that canbe embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specificembodiments discussed are illustrative and do not limit the scope of thedisclosure.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a package structure 100 including apackage 110 bonded to a substrate (or bonding substrate) 120, which isfurther bonded to another substrate 130 in accordance with someembodiments. Package 110 includes at least a semiconductor die (notshown). The semiconductor die includes a semiconductor substrate asemployed in a semiconductor integrated circuit fabrication, andintegrated circuits may be formed therein and/or thereupon. Thesemiconductor substrate refers to any construction comprisingsemiconductor materials, including, but not limited to, bulk silicon, asemiconductor wafer, a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, or asilicon germanium substrate. Other semiconductor materials includinggroup III, group IV, and group V elements may also be used. Thesemiconductor substrate may further comprise a plurality of isolationfeatures (not shown), such as shallow trench isolation (STI) features orlocal oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) features. The isolation features maydefine and isolate the various microelectronic elements. Examples of thevarious microelectronic elements that may be formed in the semiconductorsubstrate include transistors (e.g., metal oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistors (MOSFET), complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) transistors, bipolar junction transistors (BJT), high voltagetransistors, high frequency transistors, p-channel and/or n-channelfield effect transistors (PFETs/NFETs), etc.); resistors; diodes;capacitors; inductors; fuses; and other suitable elements. Variousprocesses are performed to form the various microelectronic elementsincluding deposition, etching, implantation, photolithography,annealing, and/or other suitable processes. The microelectronic elementsare interconnected to form the integrated circuit device, such as alogic device, memory device (e.g., SRAM), RF device, input/output (I/O)device, system-on-chip (SoC) device, combinations thereof, and othersuitable types of devices.

Substrate 120 includes a portion of semiconductor wafer, in accordancewith some embodiments. Substrate 120 may include silicon, galliumarsenide, silicon-on-insulator (“SOI”) or other similar materials. Insome embodiments, substrate 120 also includes passive devices such asresistors, capacitors, inductors and the like, or active devices such astransistors. In some embodiments, substrate 120 includes additionalintegrated circuits. Substrates 120 may further include throughsubstrate vias (TSVs) and may be an interposer. Substrate 120 may be apackaged die, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,substrate 130 includes bismaleimide triazine (BT) resin, FR-4 (acomposite material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxyresin binder that is flame resistant), ceramic, glass, plastic, tape,film, or other supporting materials that may carry the conductive padsor lands needed to receive conductive terminals.

Substrate 130 may be made of materials that are used to make substrate120. In some embodiments, substrate 130 is a multiple-layer circuitboard. Package 110 is bonded to substrate 120 via connectors 115, andsubstrate 120 is bonded to substrate 130 via connectors 125.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of package 110and FIG. 1C illustrates a cross-section view of a portion of substrate120 near bonding structures before they are bonded together, inaccordance with some embodiments. FIG. 1B shows that Package 110includes a substrate 102 with devices with interconnects formed therein(not shown). As mentioned above, substrate 102 may include asemiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate, although it mayinclude other semiconductor materials. Interconnect structure 104, whichincludes metal lines and vias 106 formed therein and connected to thesemiconductor devices, is formed on substrate 102. Metal lines and vias106 may be formed of copper or copper alloys, and may be formed usingdamascene processes. Interconnect structure 104 may include a commonlyknown inter-layer dielectric (ILD, not shown) and inter-metaldielectrics (IMDs) 108. IMDs 108 may comprise low-k dielectricmaterials, and may have dielectric constants (k values) lower than about3.0. The low-k dielectric materials may also be extreme low-k dielectricmaterials having k values lower than about 2.5.

Package 110 includes under-bump metallurgy (UBM) layer 111 and a copperpost 112 on UBM layer 111. Throughout the description, the copper post112 is also referred to as a copper-containing bump or metal bump.Although copper post 112 is used as an example in the description hereand below, other types of metal bumps, such as solder bumps, may also beused in place of copper post 112. A solder layer 113 is formed over thecopper post 112, in accordance with some embodiments. In someembodiments, a solder layer is not formed over the copper post 112. Insome embodiments, a metal barrier layer (not shown) is formed betweencopper post 112 and solder layer 13 to prevent the formation ofinter-metallic compound (IMC) formed by mixing of solder and copper. Insome embodiments, the barrier layer is made of Ti. The UBM layer 111 isdisposed on a metal pad 105, which is connected to the interconnectstructure in package 110. Between the interconnect structure 104 and theUBM layer 110 not contacting the metal pad 105, there is a passivationlayer 107. In some embodiments, the passivation layer 107 is made ofpolyimide. In some embodiments, passivation layer 107 includes more thanone sub-layer. Metal pad 105 may be connected to input/output structuresor other conductive structures on the same metal level through metallines. In some embodiments, metal pad 105 includes copper and can bepure copper or a copper alloy. In some alternative embodiments, otherconductive materials are used instead of copper. For example, metal pad105 may include aluminum, aluminum alloy, gold, or gold alloy, etc.

In some embodiments, UBM layer 111 includes a diffusion barrier layerand a seed layer. The diffusion barrier layer may be formed of tantalumnitride, although it may also be formed of other materials such astitanium nitride, tantalum, titanium, or the like. The seed layer may bea copper seed layer formed on the diffusion barrier layer. The copperseed layer may be formed of copper or one of copper alloys that includesilver, chromium, nickel, tin, gold, and combinations thereof. In someembodiments, the UBM layer 111 includes a diffusion barrier layer formedof Ti and a seed layer formed of Cu.

FIG. 1C shows a substrate 120 including a base substrate 150, inaccordance with some embodiments. Base substrate 150 includes metallines and vias (not shown) connecting metal features on opposite sidesof substrate 120. The vias of base substrate 150 may include platingthrough holes (PTHs), which are filled with conductive metal(s).Substrate 120 also includes a metal pad 210, which is partially coveredby a passivation layer 207. In some embodiments, the passivation layer207 is a solder resist, which can be patterned by lithography withoutanother photoresist layer. Metal pad 210 may be electrically connectedto a ball grid array (BGA) ball (not shown) on the bottom side ofsubstrate 120 through metal lines and vias (not shown). The metal linesand vias are formed in dielectric layers 154, which may be formed over asemiconductor layer 152.

Metal pad 210 is formed over a top dielectric layer of dielectric layers154. Metal pad 210 may be formed of substantially pure copper, aluminumcopper, or other metallic materials such as tungsten, nickel, palladium,gold, and/or alloys thereof. Metal pad 210 is partially covered by apassivation layer 207. A solder layer 220 is formed over the metal pad210 to fill opening formed in the passivation layer 207 for subsequentbonding with the solder layer 113 or copper post 112 (if there is nosolder layer 113) of package 110. In some embodiments, the openingformed in the passivation layer 207 is called a solder resist opening(SRO) 117. Metal pad 210 may be connected to input/output structures orother conductive structures on the same metal level through metal lines.In some embodiments, metal pad 210 includes copper and can be purecopper or a copper alloy. In some alternative embodiments, otherconductive materials are used instead of copper. For example, metal pad210 may include aluminum, aluminum alloy, gold, or gold alloy, etc.Details of an exemplary mechanism for forming substrate 120 is describedin U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/852,196, titled “Flip ChipSubstrate Package Assembly and Process for Making Same” (Attorney DocketNo. TSM10-0271), and filed on Aug. 6, 2010, which is incorporated hereinfor its entirety.

As mentioned above, metal pads 105 and 210 may be connected toinput/output structures or other conductive structures on the same metallevel through metal lines. FIG. 2A shows top view of metal pads 210 withinterconnecting metal lines 215, in accordance with some embodiments.The metal pads 210 in FIG. 2A are circular and have a pitch P and aspace S between metal pads 210. The diameter of metal pad 210 is D. FIG.2A also shows that three metal lines 215 would not fit into the space Sbetween metal pads 215 without shorting to metal pads 210. FIG. 2B showstop view of metal pads 210′ with the same metal lines 215 of FIG. 2A, inaccordance with some embodiments. Each metal pad 210′ of FIG. 2B has thesame surface area as metal pad 210 of FIG. 2A. Metal pads 210 also havea pitch P. Metal pad 210′ is elongated and has the shape of a racetrack. The width of metal pad 210′ is W, which is also the diameter ofthe circular portions of the metal pad 210′. Due to metal pad 210′ beingelongated, width W of metal pad 210′ is smaller than diameter D of metalpad 210. As a result, the space S′ between metal pads 210′ is largerthan S. Three metal lines 215 can fit within the space S′ between metalpads 210′ without shorting to metal pads 210′. Elongated metal padsprovide additional space for routing metal lines. In some embodiments,the pitch P is in a range from about 30 μm to about 200 μm. In someembodiments, the diameter D of the metal pad 210 is in a range fromabout 20 μm to about 150 μm. In some embodiments, the width W of themetal pad 210 is in a range from about 10 μm to about 100 μm.

In addition to proving extra space for routing metal lines, elongatedmetal pads also have other benefits. FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectionalview of a copper post 112 of package 110 directly over a solder layer220 of substrate 120 before bonding reflow, in accordance with someembodiments. Copper post 112 is aligned with solder layer 220 withcenters of copper post 112 and center of solder layer 220 forming a linesubstantially perpendicular to a flat surface of substrate 120. FIG. 3Bshows top view of copper post 112 and SRO 117 for solder layer 220. Inthe embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, both copper post 112 and SRO117 are circular and have about the same diameters. The top-view shapeof copper post 112 is the same as the UBM layer 111 underneath copperpost 112. The top-view shape of copper post 112 is also the same as thesolder layer 113 underneath copper post 112. In some embodiments, solderlayer 113 is not formed over copper post 112. The relative position ofpackage 110 and substrate 120 are prior to reflow to bond the solderlayer 220 with the copper post 112. FIG. 3B shows that copper post 112completely overlaps SRO 117 with the overlapped surface being thesurface area 300 of copper post 112 or SRO 117. Before the bond process,copper post 112 is aligned with solder layer 220, and the centers ofcopper post 112 and center of solder layer 220 form a line 350substantially perpendicular to a flat surface 123 of substrate 120.

Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) betweenmaterials in package 110 and substrate 120, their relative positions canshift after thermal treatment, such as reflow. For example, package 110include silicon substrate and has an overall CTE about 2-3 ppm/° C.,which is lower than the overall CTE of substrate 120, which is about 17ppm/° C. After thermal treatment, substrate 120 would expand more thanpackage 110 both horizontally and vertically, which causes the shiftingof their relative positions. The shifting of their relative positions ismore prominent at the edges relative to centers of package 110 andsubstrate 120.

FIG. 3C shows a cross-sectional view of structures of package 110 andsubstrate 120 of FIG. 3A after they are bonded together, in accordancewith some embodiments. FIG. 3C shows that substrate 120 shifted moretowards the edge then package 110 at the location due to its higher CTE.FIG. 3D shows a top view of copper post 112 and SRO 117 of the bondedstructure of FIG. 3C, in accordance with some embodiments. Theoverlapping surface 300* of copper post 112 and SRO 117 in FIG. 3D isreduced compared to area 300 of FIG. 3B (before reflow).

FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of a copper post 112′ of package110′ over a solder layer 220 of substrate 120 after bonding reflow, inaccordance with some embodiments. Copper post 112′ is elongated and hasa cross-sectional view in race-track shape. Before the bond process,copper post 112′ is aligned with solder layer 220, and the centers ofcopper post 112′ and center of solder layer 220 form a linesubstantially perpendicular to a flat surface of substrate 120. FIG. 4Ashows that substrate 120 shifted more towards the edge then package 110′at the location.

FIG. 4B shows top view of copper post 112′ and SRO 117 for solder layer220. The overlapping area of 112′ and SRO 117 is 400. Area 400 is lessthan area 300 of FIG. 3B. However, area 400 is larger than area 300* ofFIG. 3D. Larger overlapping surface areas of copper post 112′ and SRO117 make the bonded structure stronger, which reduces stress on thebonded structure and the risk of interfacial delamination and cold joint(or disconnected joint).

FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a copper post 112′ of package110′ over a solder layer 220′ of substrate 120′ after bonding reflow, inaccordance with some embodiments. Both copper post 112′ and solder layer220′ have elongated cross-sections with the shape of a race track.Copper post 112′ is aligned with solder layer 220′ with centers ofcopper post 112′ and center of solder layer 220′ forming a linesubstantially perpendicular to a flat surface of substrate 120 prior tothe reflow process (or bonding process). FIG. 5B shows top view ofcopper post 112′ and SRO 117′ for solder layer 220′. The overlappingarea of 112′ and SRO 117′ is 500. Area 500 is less than area 300 of FIG.3B. However, area 500 is larger than area 300* of FIG. 3D. Largeroverlapping surface areas of copper post 112′ and SRO 117′ make thebonded structure stronger, which reduces stress on the bonded structureand the risk of interfacial delamination and also cold joint.

To reduce the stress of bonding structures on packages, the elongatedbonding structures are arranged with the axis of an elongated bondingstructure to point substantially to the center of a package ofsubstrate. FIG. 6 shows two exemplary elongated copper posts 610 at apackage corner and copper post 610′ near the center of an edge of thepackage, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 6 shows thatelongated copper posts 610 and 610′ are arranged to have their axespointing substantially to the center C of package 110. Similarly, ifmetal pads (and solder layer on metal pads) are also shaped to beelongated, they should be oriented similarly to copper posts 610 and610′ to maximize the bonding areas. Such arrangement of orientations ofelongated copper posts 610 and 610′, and consequently the bondingstructures, reduces the stress on bonding structures involving thecopper posts. As mentioned above, due to the difference in CTEs betweenpackage 110 and the bonded substrate 120, package 110 and substrate 120expand and contract in different degrees during thermal cycling(s). Byaligning the axes of the copper posts on package 110 to point towardsthe center of package 110, the expansion (during heating) andcontraction (during cooling) of the posts would follow the directions ofexpansion or contraction of underlying substrate of package 110.

The various embodiments of shapes and orientations of copper posts andsolder layer, which whose profiles are similar to SROs, are describedabove in FIGS. 3A-6. The shapes and orientations of metal pad 210underneath solder layer 220 also affect the strength of the bondingstructures and the possibilities of interfacial delamination. FIGS.7A-7F show top views various arrangement of copper post 112, SRO 117,and metal pad 210 under SRO 117 before package 110 is bonded tosubstrate 120, in accordance with some embodiments. These arrangementsare merely exemplary. Other arrangements and configurations are alsopossible.

FIG. 7A shows a top view of shapes and alignment of a copper post 112 ₁with an SRO 117 ₁ and a metal pad 210 ₁ under SRO 117 ₁, in accordancewith some embodiments. As mentioned above, the shape of solder layer 220matches fairly closely with the shape of SRO 117. In addition, therecould be a solder layer 113 over copper post 112. However, the protectedcontour of solder layer 113 follows the contour of copper post 112. Asshown in FIG. 7A, the diameter of metal pad 210 ₁ is larger than thediameter of SRO 117 ₁. SRO 117 lands inside the surface of metal pad210. As mentioned above, the embodiment shown in FIG. 7A could have lessoverlap of surfaces of copper post 112 ₁ and SRO 117 ₁ after bonding.The projections of copper post 112 ₁, SRO 117 ₁ and metal pad 210 ₁under SRO 117 ₁ are concentric. In addition, the centers C₁ of thesethree structures are substantially on top of one another.

FIG. 7B shows a top view of shapes and alignment of a copper post 112 ₂with an SRO 117 ₂ and a metal pad 210 ₂ under SRO 117 ₂, in accordancewith some embodiments. The copper post 112 ₂ is elongated and shaped asa race track. Both SRO 117 ₃ and a metal pad 210 ₃ under SRO 117 ₃ havecircular surface areas. The centers and axes of copper post 112 ₂, SRO117 ₂ and metal pad 210 ₂ under SRO 117 ₂ are aligned to be thesubstantially same or in parallel to make the bonding structures acrosspackage 110 and substrate 120 strong and balanced. As mentioned above,the arrangement of FIG. 7B would result in more overlap between copperpost 112 ₂ and SRO 117 ₂ (or solder layer 220). In addition, the centersC₂ of these three structures are substantially on top of one another.Such arrangement would allow bonding structures between package 110 andsubstrate 120 to have lower overall stress than the arrangement shown inFIG. 7A in some embodiments, especially for bonding structures near theedge regions of the bonded package.

FIG. 7C shows a top view of shapes and alignment of a copper post 112 ₃with an SRO 117 ₃ and a metal pad 210 ₃ under SRO 117 ₃, in accordancewith some embodiments. The copper post 112 ₃, SRO 117 ₃, and metal pad210 ₃ under SRO 117 ₃ are elongated and shaped as race tracks in topviews. The axes of copper post 112 ₃, SRO 117 ₃, and metal pad 210 ₃under SRO 117 ₃ are aligned and point to the same direction. Inaddition, the centers C₃ of these three structures are substantially ontop of one another. Such arrangement would allow bonding structuresbetween package 110 and substrate 120 to have low overall stress thanthe arrangement shown in FIG. 7A in some embodiments, especially forbonding structures near the edge regions of the bonded package.

FIG. 7D shows a top view of shapes and alignment of a copper post 112 ₄with an SRO 117 ₄ and a metal pad 210 ₄ under SRO 117 ₄, in accordancewith some embodiments. FIG. 7D shows that both SRO 117 ₄ and metal pad210 ₄ have projections shaped as race tracks. The axes of SRO 117 ₄, andmetal pad 210 ₄ are aligned to distribute stress from bonding andbonding structure evenly. Copper post 112 ₄ has a circular projection.In addition, the centers C₄ of these three structures are on top of oneanother. Such arrangement would allow bonding structures between package110 and substrate 120 to have lower overall stress than the arrangementshown in FIG. 7A in some embodiments, especially for bonding structuresnear the edge regions of the bonded package.

FIG. 7E shows a top view of shapes and alignment of a copper post 112 ₅with an SRO 117 ₅ and a metal pad 210 ₅, in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 7E shows that both copper post 112 ₅ and metal pad 210₅ have projections shaped as race tracks. The axes of copper post 112 ₅,and metal pad 210 ₅ are aligned to distribute stress from bonding andbonding structure evenly. SRO 117 ₅ has a circular projection. Inaddition, the centers C₅ of these three structures are substantially ontop of one another. Such arrangement would allow bonding structuresbetween package 110 and substrate 120 to have low overall stress thanthe arrangement shown in FIG. 7A in some embodiments, especially forbonding structures near the edge regions of the bonded package.

FIG. 7F shows a top view of shapes and alignment of a copper post 112 ₆with an SRO 117 ₆ and a metal pad 210 ₆, in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 7F shows that both copper post 112 ₅ and SRO 117 ₆have projections of circular shapes. Metal pad 210 ₆ has a projection ofa race track shape. To reduce stress caused by thermal cycling, the axisof metal pad 210 ₆ should also substantially point to the center ofbonded package. The centers C₆ of these three structures aresubstantially on top of one another.

The embodiments described in FIGS. 7A-7F show that copper posts 112 havelarger surface areas than SRO 117. However, this is not a requirement.Neither is it necessary. The surface areas of copper posts 112 could beequal to or less than the surface areas of SRO 117. The benefits oflower stress with elongated copper posts 112 and/or SRO 117 as describedin FIGS. 4A-5B still apply. When copper post 112 and/or SRO 117 areelongated, the joint surface area between them is increased, such as by35% in one instance, which results in better joint integrity. The shape,arrangement and relationship of metal pad 105 to copper post 112 aresimilar to those between SRO 117 and metal pad 210. The surface area ofmetal pad 105 is equal to or larger than the surface area (orprojection) of copper post 112. FIG. 8 shows a top view (or projections)of a copper post 112 and a metal pad 105, in accordance with someembodiments. The center C8 of the copper post 112 and the metal pad 105substantially overlap. In addition, the axes of the copper post 112 andthe metal pad 105 also substantially overlap. Other arrangements andconfigurations of the copper post 112 and metal pad 105 are alsopossible.

The embodiments described above provide enlarged overlapping surfaceareas of bonding structures between a package and a bonding substrate.By using elongated bonding structures on either the package and/or thebonding substrate and by orienting such bonding structures, the bondingstructures are designed to withstand bonding stress caused by thermalcycling to reduce cold joint.

In some embodiments, a package structure is provided. The packagestructure includes a die package with a connecting structure including acopper post, and the copper post has a first cross-sectional area. Thepackage structure also includes a substrate with a solder layer fillingan opening over a metal pad. The solder layer makes direct contact withthe metal pad, and the opening has a second cross-sectional area. Themetal pad has a third surface area, and at least one of the first,second, and third surface area has an elongated shape. The third surfacearea is wider than the second surface area. The solder layer forms abonding structure with the connecting structure on the die package.

In some embodiments, a package structure is provided. The packagestructure includes a package bonded to a substrate through a firstbonding structure. The first bonding structure includes a copper postbonded to a first metal pad in the package, and the package includes atleast one semiconductor die. The first bonding structure also includes asolder-filled opening formed in a dielectric material, and thesolder-filled opening is formed over a second metal pad. A solder layerin the solder-filled opening directly contacts the second metal pad.Axes of projections of the copper post, the first metal pad, thesolder-filled opening, and the second metal pad substantially overlapand pointing toward the center of the package. At least one of theprojections has an elongated shape.

In yet another embodiment, a method of forming a semiconductor device isprovided. The method includes receiving a die package having aconductive post, wherein an outermost surface of the conductive post hasa first surface area and receiving a substrate having a metal pad and anoverlying solder resist layer, the solder resist layer having an openingexposing the metal pad, the substrate further including a solder layerfilling the opening, wherein the opening has a second surface area,wherein the metal pad has a third surface area, wherein the conductivepost, the opening, or the metal pad has a racetrack shape, wherein thethird surface area is greater than the second surface area. The diepackage is bonded to the substrate.

In still yet another embodiment, a method of forming a semiconductordevice is provided. The method includes receiving a first substrate, thefirst substrate comprising a conductive post, and receiving a secondsubstrate, the second substrate comprising a metal pad, the metal padbeing at least partially exposed through an opening in an overlyingdielectric layer. The first substrate is bonded to the second substrateusing a solder, the solder filling the opening in the dielectric layer,wherein the solder directly contacts the metal pad, wherein axes ofprojections of the conductive post, the metal pad, and the openingsubstantially overlap, the conductive post, the metal pad, and theopening is elongated with a racetrack shape, longitudinal axes of theconductive post, the metal pad, and the opening extending through acenter region of the first substrate in a plan view, wherein anoutermost surface of the conductive post has a first surface area, theopening has a second surface area less than the first surface area.

In still yet another embodiment, a method of forming a semiconductordevice is provided. The method includes receiving a first substrate, thefirst substrate including a conductive post, the conductive post havinga first racetrack shape in a plan view, the first racetrack shape havinga first surface area, and receiving a second substrate, the secondsubstrate including a metal pad and an overlying dielectric layer, thedielectric layer having an opening exposing at the metal pad, theopening having a second racetrack shape in the plan view, the metal padhaving a third racetrack shape in a plan view, the second racetrackshape having a second surface area, the third racetrack having a thirdsurface area. The first substrate is bonded to the second substrateusing a solder, the solder filling the opening in the dielectric layer,wherein the solder directly contacts the metal pad, wherein each axis ofthe first racetrack shape, the second racetrack shape, and the thirdracetrack shape extends toward a central region of a union of the firstsubstrate and the second substrate in a plan view.

In still yet another embodiment, a package structure includes anintegrated circuit package including a conductive post, the conductivepost having a first plan-view shape, and a substrate bonded to theintegrated circuit package. The substrate includes a first dielectriclayer, a first contact pad over the first dielectric layer, a bottomsurface of the first contact pad being in physical contact with atopmost surface of the first dielectric layer, the first contact padhaving a second plan-view shape, a line extending through a first centerof the first plan-view shape and a second center of the second plan-viewshape intersecting the first contact pad at an angle having less than 90degrees, at least one of the first plan-view shape and the secondplan-view shape being a racetrack shape, and a second dielectric layerover the first contact pad and the first dielectric layer, the seconddielectric layer being in physical contact with the topmost surface ofthe first dielectric layer. The package structure further includes asolder layer extending through the second dielectric layer, the solderlayer electrically and mechanically coupling the conductive post to thefirst contact pad.

In still yet another embodiment, a package structure includes a diepackage including a conductive post, the conductive post having a firstplan-view shape, and a substrate bonded to the die package. Thesubstrate includes a dielectric layer, a contact pad over the dielectriclayer, a bottom surface of the contact pad being in physical contactwith a topmost surface of the dielectric layer, the contact pad having asecond plan-view shape, a first center of the first plan-view shapebeing laterally spaced apart from a second center of the secondplan-view shape, at least one of the first plan-view shape and thesecond plan-view shape being a racetrack shape, and a solder resistlayer over the contact pad and the dielectric layer, the solder resistlayer being in physical contact with the topmost surface of thedielectric layer. The package structure further includes a solder layerextending through the solder resist layer, the solder layer being inphysical contact with the conductive post and the contact pad.

In still yet another embodiment, a package structure includes a diepackage including a first conductive post and a second conductive post,the first conductive post being disposed at a first distance from acenter of the die package, the second conductive post being disposed ata second distance from the center of the die package, the seconddistance being different from the first distance, and a substrate bondedto the die package. The substrate includes a dielectric layer, a firstcontact pad and a second contact pad over the dielectric layer, bottomsurfaces of the first contact pad and the second contact pad being inphysical contact with a topmost surface of the dielectric layer, and apassivation layer over the first contact pad and the second contact pad,the passivation layer being in physical contact with the topmost surfaceof the dielectric layer. The package structure further includes a firstsolder layer extending through the passivation layer, the first solderlayer electrically and mechanically coupling the first conductive postto the first contact pad, the first conductive post having a firstplan-view shape, the first contact pad having a second plan-view shape,a center of the first plan-view shape being laterally spaced apart froma center of the second plan-view shape by a third distance, at least oneof the first plan-view shape and the second plan-view shape being afirst racetrack shape. The package structure further includes a secondsolder layer extending through the passivation layer, the second solderlayer electrically and mechanically coupling the second conductive postto the second contact pad, the second conductive post having a thirdplan-view shape, the second contact pad having a fourth plan-view shape,a center of the third plan-view shape being laterally spaced apart froma center of the fourth plan-view shape by a fourth distance, the fourthdistance being different from the third distance, at least one of thethird plan-view shape and the fourth plan-view shape being a secondracetrack shape.

In still yet another embodiment, a package structure includes anintegrated circuit package comprising a conductive post and a substratebonded to the integrated circuit package. The conductive post has afirst racetrack shape in a plan view. The substrate includes a firstcontact pad having a second racetrack shape in the plan view and a firstdielectric layer over the first contact pad. A line extending through afirst center of the first racetrack shape and a second center of thesecond racetrack shape intersects the conductive post at an angledifferent from 90 degrees. The package structure further includes asolder layer extending through the first dielectric layer, the solderlayer electrically and mechanically coupling the conductive post to thefirst contact pad.

In still yet another embodiment, a package structure includes a diepackage comprising a conductive post and a substrate bonded to the diepackage. The conductive post has a first racetrack shape in a plan view.The substrate includes a contact pad having a second racetrack shape inthe plan view and a solder resist layer over the contact pad. A firstcenter of the first racetrack shape is laterally spaced apart from asecond center of the second racetrack shape. The package structurefurther includes a solder layer extending through the solder resistlayer. The solder layer is in physical contact with the conductive postand the contact pad.

In still yet another embodiment, a package structure includes a diepackage comprising a first conductive post and a second conductive postand a substrate bonded to the die package. The first conductive post hasa first racetrack shape in a plan view. The second conductive post has asecond racetrack shape in the plan view. A center of the first racetrackshape is laterally spaced apart from a center of the die package by afirst distance. A center of the second racetrack shape is laterallyspaced apart from the center of the die package by a second distance.The second distance is different from the first distance. The substrateincludes a first contact pad and a second contact pad, and a passivationlayer over the first contact pad and the second contact pad. The firstcontact pad has a third racetrack shape in the plan view. The secondcontact pad has a fourth racetrack shape in the plan view. The packagestructure further includes a first solder layer extending through thepassivation layer. The first solder layer electrically and mechanicallycouples the first conductive post to the first contact pad. A center ofthe third racetrack shape is laterally spaced apart from the center ofthe die package by a third distance. The third distance is greater thanthe first distance. The package structure further includes a secondsolder layer extending through the passivation layer. The second solderlayer electrically and mechanically couples the second conductive postto the second contact pad. A center of the fourth racetrack shape islaterally spaced apart from the center of the die package by a fourthdistance. The fourth distance is greater than the second distance. Adifference between the third distance and the first distance isdifferent from a difference between the fourth distance and the seconddistance.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages havebeen described in detail, it should be understood that various changes,substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appendedclaims. For example, it will be readily understood by those skilled inthe art that many of the features, functions, processes, and materialsdescribed herein may be varied while remaining within the scope of thepresent disclosure. Moreover, the scope of the present application isnot intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process,machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and stepsdescribed in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art willreadily appreciate from the disclosure of the present disclosure,processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means,methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, thatperform substantially the same function or achieve substantially thesame result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may beutilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appendedclaims are intended to include within their scope such processes,machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.

What is claimed is:
 1. A package structure comprising: an integratedcircuit package comprising a conductive post, the conductive post havinga first racetrack shape in a plan view; a substrate bonded to theintegrated circuit package, the substrate comprising: a first contactpad having a second racetrack shape in the plan view, a line extendingthrough a first center of the first racetrack shape and a second centerof the second racetrack shape intersecting the-conductive post at anangle different from 90 degrees; and a first dielectric layer over thefirst contact pad; and a solder layer extending through the firstdielectric layer, the solder layer electrically and mechanicallycoupling the conductive post to the first contact pad.
 2. The packagestructure of claim 1, wherein a long axis of the first racetrack shapeis oriented toward a center of the integrated circuit package.
 3. Thepackage structure of claim 1, wherein an area of the first racetrackshape is less than an area of the second racetrack shape.
 4. The packagestructure of claim 1, wherein the substrate further comprises a routingline, the routing line being in electrical contact with the firstcontact pad.
 5. The package structure of claim 1, wherein a coefficientof thermal expansion (CTE) of the integrated circuit package is lessthan a CTE of the substrate.
 6. The package structure of claim 1,wherein the first racetrack shape overlaps with the second racetrackshape.
 7. The package structure of claim 1, wherein a long axis of thefirst racetrack shape is collinear with a long axis of the secondracetrack shape.
 8. A package structure comprising: a die packagecomprising a conductive post, the conductive post having a firstracetrack shape in a plan view; a substrate bonded to the die package,the substrate comprising: a contact pad having a second racetrack shapein the plan view, a first center of the first racetrack shape beinglaterally spaced apart from a second center of the second racetrackshape; and a solder resist layer over the contact pad; and a solderlayer extending through the solder resist layer, the solder layer beingin physical contact with the conductive post and the contact pad.
 9. Thepackage structure of claim 8, wherein the solder layer is in physicalcontact with a topmost surface of the solder resist layer.
 10. Thepackage structure of claim 8, wherein the die package further comprises:a second contact pad; and an under bump metallurgy (UBM) interposedbetween the second contact pad and the conductive post.
 11. The packagestructure of claim 10, wherein the second contact pad has a thirdracetrack shape in the plan view.
 12. The package structure of claim 11,wherein a width of the first racetrack shape is less than a width of thethird racetrack shape.
 13. The package structure of claim 11, wherein along axis of the first racetrack shape is collinear with a long axis ofthe third racetrack shape.
 14. The package structure of claim 8, whereina width of the first racetrack shape is less than a width of the secondracetrack shape.
 15. A package structure comprising: a die packagecomprising a first conductive post and a second conductive post, thefirst conductive post having a first racetrack shape in a plan view, thesecond conductive post having a second racetrack shape in the plan view,a center of the first racetrack shape being laterally spaced apart froma center of the die package by a first distance, a center of the secondracetrack shape being laterally spaced apart from the center of the diepackage by a second distance, the second distance being different fromthe first distance; a substrate bonded to the die package, the substratecomprising: a first contact pad and a second contact pad, the firstcontact pad having a third racetrack shape in the plan view, the secondcontact pad having a fourth racetrack shape in the plan view; and apassivation layer over the first contact pad and the second contact pad;a first solder layer extending through the passivation layer, the firstsolder layer electrically and mechanically coupling the first conductivepost to the first contact pad, a center of the third racetrack shapebeing laterally spaced apart from the center of the die package by athird distance, the third distance being greater than the firstdistance; and a second solder layer extending through the passivationlayer, the second solder layer electrically and mechanically couplingthe second conductive post to the second contact pad, a center of thefourth racetrack shape being laterally spaced apart from the center ofthe die package by a fourth distance, the fourth distance being greaterthan the second distance, a difference between the third distance andthe first distance being different from a difference between the fourthdistance and the second distance.
 16. The package structure of claim 15,wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance.
 17. Thepackage structure of claim 16, wherein the difference between the thirddistance and the first distance is less than the difference between thefourth distance and the second distance.
 18. The package structure ofclaim 15, wherein a first long axis of the first racetrack shape and asecond long axis of the second racetrack shape are oriented toward thecenter of the die package.
 19. The package structure of claim 15,wherein a portion of the first solder layer within the passivation layerhas a fifth racetrack shape in the plan view.
 20. The package structureof claim 19, wherein a width of the first racetrack shape is greaterthan a width of the fifth racetrack shape.